MySQL 在线安装与卸载
MySQL 在线安装
准备使用yum安装，如果yum命令使用正常，可以跳过。
更新yum软件包
yum check-update
更新软件
yum update
yum update 更新报错解决
当在CentOS 7中使用yum update更新软件时，可能会遇到如下错误信息：
Error: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
解决这个问题需要安装deltarpm，可以先通过如下命令查找该包的包名：
yum provides '*/applydeltarpm'
然后用如下命令安装即可解决：
yum install deltarpm
- 下载 MySQL yum包
wget http:``//repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
2.安装MySQL源
rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
3.安装MySQL服务端,需要等待一些时间
yum install -y mysql-community-server
4.启动MySQL
systemctl start mysqld.service
5.检查是否启动成功
systemctl status mysqld.service
6.获取临时密码，MySQL5.7为root用户随机生成了一个密码
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
7.通过临时密码登录MySQL，进行修改密码操作
mysql -uroot -p
使用临时密码登录后，不能进行其他的操作，否则会报错，这时候我们进行修改密码操作
8.因为MySQL的密码规则需要很复杂，我们一般自己设置的不会设置成这样，所以我们全局修改一下
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
这时候我们就可以自己设置自己的密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword';
9.授权其他机器远程登录
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
10.开启开机自启动
先退出mysql命令行，然后输入以下命令
systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload
11.设置MySQL的字符集为UTF-8，令其支持中文
vim /etc/my.cnf
改成如下,然后保存
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character_set_server=utf8
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
12.重启一下MySQL,令配置生效
service mysqld restart
13.防火墙开放3306端口
firewall-cmd --state
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
MySQL 在线安装的卸载
1、删除MySQL组件的命令
yum remove mysql mysql-server mysql-libs mysql-server;
2、查找跟MySQL相关的文件及文件夹
find / -name mysql
3、删除MySQL文件及文件夹
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
4、查找已安装的MySQL组件
rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
5、RPM方式卸载已安装组件
rpm -ev mysql57-community-release-el7-10
MySQL 解压安装
卸载系统自带的Mariadb
[root@zhangxiaocai ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@zhangxiaocai ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
删除etc目录下的my.cnf文件
[root@zhangxiaocai ~]# rm /etc/my.cnf
rm: cannot remove ?etc/my.cnf? No such file or directory
检查mysql是否存在
[root@zhangxiaocai ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
[root@zhangxiaocai ~]#
检查mysql组和用户是否存在，如无创建
[root@zhangxiaocai ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
[root@zhangxiaocai ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
创建mysql用户组，并设置密码
#创建mysql用户组
[root@zhangxiaocai ~]# groupadd mysql
#创建一个用户名为mysql的用户并加入mysql用户组
[root@zhangxiaocai ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
#制定password 这里设置为111111
[root@zhangxiaocai ~]# passwd mysql
Changing password for user mysql.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is a palindrome
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
一般安装到 /usr/local 目录，这里记录安装到/var
# 解压
[root@zhangxiaocai var]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
# 重命名文件夹
[root@zhangxiaocai var]# mv mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql57
```bash
#更改所属的组和用户
[root@zhangxiaocai var]# chown -R mysql mysql57/
[root@zhangxiaocai var]# chgrp -R mysql mysql57/
[root@zhangxiaocai var]# cd mysql57/
# 创建数据目录
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# mkdir data
# 授与用户权限权
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# chown -R mysql:mysql data
在etc下新建配置文件my.cnf，并在该文件内添加以下配置
[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
skip-name-resolve
#设置3306端口
port = 3306
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=/var/mysql57
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=/var/mysql57/data
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集
character-set-server=utf8
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M
安装和初始化
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/var/mysql57/ --datadir=/var/mysql57/data/
2017-04-17 17:40:02 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2017-04-17 17:40:05 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty:
2017-04-17 17:40:05 [WARNING] 2017-04-17T09:40:02.728710Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead
2017-04-17T09:40:02.729161Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
2017-04-17T09:40:02.729167Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 407 (requested 2000)
赋权限
# 复制进程服务
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# 赋权限
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# chown 777 /etc/my.cnf
# 允许执行
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
重启mysql服务
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
#设置开机启动
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# chkconfig --list mysqld
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# chkconfig --list mysqld
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# service mysqld status
SUCCESS! MySQL running (4475)
vi etc/profile/
export PATH=$PATH:/var/mysql57/bin
让配置生效
[root@zhangxiaocai mysql57]# source /etc/profile
获得初始密码
[root@zhangxiaocai bin]# cat /root/.mysql_secret
# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2020-04-17 17:40:02
p8Uhdk*1j
修改密码
[root@zhangxiaocai bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.18
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set PASSWORD = PASSWORD('111111');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
添加远程访问权限
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+-----------+
| host | user |
+-----------+-----------+
| % | root |
| localhost | mysql.sys |
+-----------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
create user 'xxx'@'%' identified by '123';
这里 @‘%’ 表示在任何主机都可以登录
重启生效
/bin/systemctl restart mysql.service
[root@zhangxiaocai bin]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!